Astrobiology suggest that life is abundant in the vesmír and the primitive microbial life forms (beyond earth) could be found earlier than intelligent forms. The search for the extra-terrestrial life involves looking for biological signatures in the vicinity of solar system and looking for rádio signals or technical signatures in far away deeper prostor. There is case for renewed emphasis on searching technosignatures of life in the vesmír.
If there is life beyond this planeta ? This question has always intrigued people and there has been lot of sensationalism and media attention on mimozemský life forms. But where does science stands? Now we have a full-fledged interdisciplinary area of astrobiology dedicated to the study of the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the vesmír.
K otázce Pokud existuje život mimo Zemi, there is optimism about the possibility of extraterrestrial life (Billings L., 2018). NASA Kepler telescope has shown that the habitable worlds are abundant in the vesmír. So are building blocks of life hence it seems reasonable to deduce that the life should be abundant in the vesmír.
Is it really possible to find extra-terrestrial intelligence? Yes, there is increasing possibility due to technological advancements (Hirabayashi H. 2019). Therefore there certainly is a case for search of life on other planety; the extra-terrestrial life form could be primitive or complex and intelligent. Estimates suggests that there is relative likelihood of success in the searches for primitive life form than intelligent one (Lingam and Loeb, 2019). The dominant thinking in astrobiologie is that the “first contact” with extra-terrestrial life may be with microbial life elsewhere (Billings L., 2018).
How do we search them? The search for život v vesmír currently involves two approaches – search for biosignatures (podpisy of biology) in and around solar system and rádio search for technosignatures (signatures of advanced life forms and technology) emitted from sources far away from solar system in the galaxie and beyond. Projects like Mars and Europa landers, James Webb Vesmírný dalekohled are aimed at search for signatures of biology in nearby solar system while NASA SETI (Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence) program and the Breakthrough Listen (BL) project are examples of search for technical signatures in far deeper prostor.
Both approaches offer benefits but the search for technosignatures seems to complement search for biology but also expands search from solar neighbourhood to deeper in vesmír do galaxie.
The search for the technosignatures involving orientation, recording and analysis of radio signals or bursts emanating from deep prostor comes at relatively much lower cost (vis a vis search for biosignatures),. for example, the annual budget of NASA SETI program was about $10 million. Much of the prostor can be targeted and searched for radio signals with strong information content, robust detection and interpretations. Further, radio search has a established scientific background and context.
Důvodem pro vyhledávání technopodpisů je také skutečnost, že objem vyhledávání dosud vzorkovaných je velmi nízký. Objem vyhledávání by se mohl v blízké budoucnosti rozšířit. To by vyžadovalo lepší přístup k radioteleskopům, zdrojům, přestavbu výzkumného ekosystému a udržení kroku s pokrokem v oblasti hardwaru a softwaru (Margot et al 2019).
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Poznámka redakce:
Dr Jean-Luc Margot z UCLA navrhl „NASA nemá program SETI. Již více než 25 let nemá program SETI. Zvažte prosím opravu.'.
Rádi bychom dodali, že program SETI NASA byl zrušen v roce 1993. V té době byl roční rozpočet programu SETI asi 10 milionů dolarů.
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Zdroje)
1. Margot J et al 2019. Rádiové vyhledávání technosignatur v dekádě 2020-2030. Pre-Print arXiv:1903.05544 odesláno dne (13. března 2019). https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.05544
2. Billings L., 2018. Ze Země do vesmíru: Život, inteligence a evoluce. Biologická teorie. 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13752-017-0266-6
3. Hirabayashi H. 2019. SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence). Astrobiologie. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3639-3_30
4. Lingam M a Loeb A 2019. Relativní pravděpodobnost úspěchu při hledání primitivního versus inteligentního mimozemského života. Astrobiologie. 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2018.1936
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